morphemes（英语语言学Multiple Choice）

本文目录

• 英语语言学Multiple Choice
• free and bound morphemes中文是什么意思啊
• morphemes 词素和词有什么区别
• 请问morphemes 是怎样被morphological factors 影响的（英语语言学）

英语语言学Multiple Choice

选A
morphemes 词素，即单词意思的最小单位
例如：
desire----------------one morpheme
desire+able-----------two morphemes
desire+able+ity-------three morphemes
un+desire+able+ity----four morphemes
再看看题中，cattle,sheep明显就只有一个

free and bound morphemes中文是什么意思啊

free morpheme and bound morpheme 自由语素和粘着语素
Morphemes can be classified into two types in terms of their capacity of occuring alone.根据能否单独出现，可以将语素分为两类。
free morpheme(自由语素):-------Those morphemes which may occur alone, that is , those which may constitue words by themselves, are free morphemes(能单独出现,也就是能独自成词的,叫做自由语素.)
Free morphemes: morphemes which may constitute words by themselves
bound morpheme(粘着语素): -s in dogs, -al in national, and dis- n disclose, cannot occur alone. They must appear with at least another morpheme, and are called bound morphemes.(dogs中的-s, national 中的-al, disclose中的dis-不能单独出现,它们必须跟至少一个其他语素共现,这样的语素叫做粘着语素.)
Bound morphemes: morphemes which can not be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words
root, affix and stem 词根，词缀和词干
（1）root(词根): the base from of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total loss of identity. That is to say, it is that part of the word left when all the affixes are removed. (词根是词的基本形式,不能再作进一步的分析而完全不损失同一性。也就是说，去掉所有的词缀后，词所剩下的部分就是词根。
All words contain a root morpheme.所有的词都包含一个词根语素。
A root is often seen as part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning ; it must be combined with another root or an affix to form a word.词根，粘着语素的一种，往往被看作是一个单词的一个部分。它本身有清楚，确定的意义，却不能被单独使用，而只能与另外一个词根结合在一起或与另外一个词缀结合在一起才能形成一个单词。
（2）affix(词缀): the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme (the root or stem).(词缀是一个构词成分的集合,它们只能附加于另一个语素词根或词干上.)
Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix, suffix, and infix, depending on their position with reference to the root or stem of the word.语言中词缀的数量总是有限的，根据它们跟词根或词干的相对位置，一般可以把词缀分外三小类：前缀，后缀和中缀。
Prefix前缀----prefixes modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. dis-; un-; mis- para-; mini- ; 前缀通常改变原来单词的意义，但不改变其词性。
Exception: be-; en-; em-; Added to adjectives or nouns they turn the words into verbs.
For example: little----belittle; large---enlarge; rich---enrich; body---embody
Suffix后缀:-----suffixes are added to the end of stems; they modify the meaning of the orginal word and in many cases change its part of speech. -ly; -ness; -tion; -ise; 后缀加在词干后面，通常改变原来词的意义，并且大所数情况下改变词性。
Infix中缀: foot/feet; goose/geese ;–oo-; -ee- ;

morphemes 词素和词有什么区别

1、不是所有单词都有词根.root可以分为free root和bound root. 2、比如 wind his car man这些属于自由词素,这些自由词素也叫自由词根,即free root,也就是没有词根. 3、再说说bound morphemes,分为bound root 和affix两种.affix又分为inflected affix和functional affix,前者添加在词尾,只改变语法功能,如单复数、比较级等,后者组成新词,如un- ,dis- 等前缀. 4、以词根 dict- 为例,严格来说是bound root,因为它不可以单独成词,如dictum dictate diction 单词的词根都是dict,也就是这些词含义的最核心的部分. 5、词缀分前缀和后缀,前缀可以改变词根的含义,后缀改变单词属性如,happy unhappy happily 但最根本的含义没有改变.

请问morphemes 是怎样被morphological factors 影响的（英语语言学）

1由点到面，构建知识网络
对所学的知识点分步地进行梳理、归纳和总结，理清知识脉络。从一个简单的语法点或一个核心句型开始延伸，理清它们的变化形式、变化规律以及与时态、语态等的关联。所谓由点到面，构建知识网络。
2由面到点，加深记忆，查漏补缺
回归课本，查缺补漏，打好基础。以单元为单位展开复习，回忆每单元所学的主要内容，包括核心单词、重点句型和语法，以及需要掌握的对话等。回忆时要有框架，由面到点，比如先通过目录页回忆每个单元的话题，然后再回忆细化的知识点。
3聚焦重难点，巩固易错点
对每单元中的重点内容（词汇、句型和语法）和在练习中易错的点作进一步的复习，解决重点、难点和疑点，加深理解。多看错题本，攻克错题。
4经典题目自测，检验复习效果
对复习效果进行检测，会产生成就感或紧张感，从而自觉主动地去学习，同时可以及时调整复习方法。在复习完成时，选取一定数量的题目进行检测非常有必要。多做典型题，摸清规律，学会举一反三，但不提倡题海战术。
想要考个好成绩，除了熟练掌握单词、语法、句型，还要有正确的答题技巧